Why do we need quantum tunneling?
With quantum tunneling, the hydrogen nuclei can cheat. They have enough energy to get relatively close to each other, and then they tunnel through the remaining barrier to stick together. Hence, thanks to the tunneling phenomenon, the Sun's nuclei can fuse even though they don't have enough energy to fuse on their own.
And a team of researchers from the University of Innsbruck in Austria has finally seen the quantum tunneling in action in a world-first experiment measuring the merger of deuterium ions with hydrogen molecules.
Quantum tunnelling cannot be explained through the laws of classical mechanics, where a dense potential barrier needs potential energy. It has a crucial role in physical processes such as nuclear fusion. It's been used in quantum computing, tunnel diodes and scanning tunnelling microscopes.
In physics, quantum tunnelling, barrier penetration, or simply tunnelling is a quantum mechanical phenomenon in which an object such as an electron or atom passes through a potential energy barrier that, according to classical mechanics, the object does not have sufficient energy to enter or surmount.
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